Wolfram/ QuantumFramework

(1.2.14) current version: 1.4.5 »

Perform analytic and numeric quantum computations

Contributed by: Wolfram Research, Quantum Computation Framework team

The Wolfram Quantum Framework brings a broad, coherent design for quantum computation, together with a host of leading-edge capabilities and full integration into Mathematica and Wolfram Language. Starting from discrete quantum mechanics, the Framework provides a high-level symbolic representation of quantum bases, states and operators. The Framework can perform measurements and is equipped with various well-known states and operators, such as Bell states and Pauli operators. Using such simulation capabilities as a foundation, one can use the Framework to model and simulate quantum circuits and algorithms, interoperate with many external quantum platforms, and send queries to quantum processing units from a Wolfram notebook.

Within the Framework, all quantum-related functions and objects are natively integrated with Wolfram Language, providing immediate access to a wide array of tools for exploring quantum computational queries and serving as a potent resource for education in the field.

Installation Instructions

To install this paclet in your Wolfram Language environment, evaluate this code:
PacletInstall["Wolfram/QuantumFramework"]

To load the code after installation, evaluate this code:
Needs["Wolfram`QuantumFramework`"]

Details

This paclet works with Version 13.1 and higher of Wolfram Language.

Paclet Guide

The Wolfram Quantum Framework offers a novel and convenient approach to quantum computing research with Wolfram Notebooks. It provides a comprehensive set of modeling capabilities for simulating quantum computation, with full integration into Mathematica and Wolfram Language, and also interoperability with many external quantum platforms. Within Wolfram quantum framework, there exists a diverse collection of quantum objects, that fully describe quantum entities, such as quantum basis, state, operations, and processes. These objects can undergo transformations through some operations (for example, quantum state into a quantum measurement, by a measurement operator). Furthermore, their properties can be calculated using other functions (for example, quantum entanglement monotones for a quantum state). Computations can be done either symbolically, or numerically.

Basic Objects

QuditName

— representation of a qudit name with formatting

QuditBasis

— representation of a qudit basis

QuantumBasis

— representation of a quantum basis

QuantumState

— representation of a quantum state

QuantumOperator

— representation of a quantum operator

QuantumMeasurementOperator

— representation of a quantum measurement operator

QuantumMeasurement

— representation of quantum measurement

Quantum Circuits

QuantumChannel

— representation of a quantum channel to describe noise

QuantumCircuitOperator

— representation of a quantum circuit

QuantumCircuitMultiwayGraph

— multiway graph of a quantum circuit

QuantumShortcut

— shorthand representation of operators or circuits

Quantum Functions

QuantumDistance

— distance between quantum states

QuantumEvolve

— time evolution

QuantumMeasurementSimulation

— simulating one or many measurement results, given a quantum state

QuantumMPS

— returns the MPS or MPO of a state or operator/circuit

QuantumPartialTrace

— partial trace of a quantum state, operator or circuit with respect to subsystems

QuantumPartialTranspose

— partial transpose of a quantum state or quantum operator with respect to subsystems

QuantumStateEstimate

— estimating quantum state based on measurement results

QuantumTensorProduct

— tensor product of quantum states, quantum bases, quantum operators, or quantum measurements

QuantumWignerTransform

— discrete Wigner transform of a quantum state, operator or circuit

Entanglement

QuantumEntangledQ

— determination of whether a part of quantum state is entangled with another part

QuantumEntanglementMonotone

— measure entanglement of a quantum state

Examples

Quantum Basis and Quantum State (10)

A computational basis can be defined by inputting the dimension information as arguments of QuantumBasis. Alternatively, an association can be used, with the basis name are given as the keys and the corresponding basis elements are specified as the values.

Define a 3D quantum basis (computational):

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Out[1]=

Use QuantumBasis[n,m] to define a basis for m qudits of dimension n (for which the overall dimension will be n^m). For example, define a 2×2×2-dimensional quantum basis:

In[2]:=

Out[2]=

Use QuantumBasis[{n₁,n₂,…,n_m}] to define an n₁×n₂×n₃×…×n_m-dimensional Hilbert space of m qudits as a list. For example, define a 3×5-dimensional quantum basis (with two qudits):

In[3]:=

Out[3]=

There are many 'named' bases built into the quantum framework, including "Computational", "PauliX", "PauliY", "PauliZ" ((or simply "X", "Y" or "Z"), "Fourier", "Identity", "Schwinger", "Pauli", "Dirac" and "Wigner":

In[4]:=

Out[4]=

After a basis object has been defined, it is straightforward to construct quantum states and operators. A quantum state is represented by a QuantumState object and a quantum operator is represented by QuantumOperator.

A state can be defined by two arguments: QuantumState[arg₁,arg₂], where arg₁ specifies amplitudes or the density matrix, and arg₂ specifies the basis. With no basis specified, the default basis will be the computational basis, the dimension of which depends on the amplitude vector given in arg1.

Define a pure 2D quantum state (qubit) in the Pauli-X basis:

In[5]:=

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Out[5]=

In[6]:=

Out[6]=

If the basis is not specified, the default is the computational basis of dimensions ( qubits):

In[7]:=

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Out[7]=

In[8]:=

Out[8]=

Binary strings can also be used as inputs:

In[9]:=

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Out[9]=

Many "named" states are available through the framework:

In[10]:=

Out[10]=

A state can also be defined by inputting a density matrix:

In[11]:=

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Out[11]=

Quantum Operators (5)

Quantum operators can be defined by a matrix or by specifying eigenvalues with respect to a QuantumBasis. Additionally, there are many built-in named operators that can be used.

Define a Pauli-X operator:

In[12]:=

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Out[12]=

Apply a Pauli-X operator to a symbolic state :

In[13]:=

Out[13]=

Test to see if the application of the Pauli-X operator yields the correct state:

In[14]:=

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Out[14]=

Multi-qubit operators can take specific orders.

For instance, first define the state α+β:

In[15]:=

Then, apply a Pauli-X operator on the second qubit only (by defining an order for the operator):

In[16]:=

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Out[16]=

Test the result:

In[17]:=

Out[17]=

For multi-qudit cases, one can define an order or construct the operator using QuantumTensorProduct. For example:

In[18]:=

(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/e8710441-76aa-46e8-9b11-ce5ee6974cc8"]

Out[18]=

One can create a new operator by performing some mathematical operations (e.g., exponential, fraction power, etc.) on a quantum operator:

In[19]:=

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Out[19]=

Show that the result is the same as a rotation operator around x:

In[20]:=

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Out[20]=

Get the fractional power of the NOT operator:

In[21]:=

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Out[21]=

In[22]:=

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Out[22]=

Quantum Measurement (9)

In the Wolfram Quantum Framework, one can study projective measurements or, generally, any positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) using QuantumMeasurementOperator.

PVMs (projective measurements) (2)

A measurement can be defined by specifying the corresponding measurement basis.

Measure a 3D system in its state basis:

In[23]:=

Out[24]=

In[25]:=

Out[25]=

POVMs (7)

One can also give a list of POVM elements by which to define the measurement operator:

In[26]:=

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{e1, e2, e3} = 2/3 #["Operator"] & /@ states;
povm = {e1, e2, e3};

Check that all POVM elements are explicitly positive semidefinite:

In[27]:=

Out[27]=

Check the completeness relations:

In[28]:=

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Out[28]=

Measure POVMs on a quantum state:

In[29]:=

Get the post-measurement states:

In[30]:=

Out[30]=

Get the corresponding probabilities:

In[31]:=

Out[31]=

Show that post-measurement states are the same as states initially defined as POVMs:

In[32]:=

Out[32]=

Quantum Partial Tracing, Partial Transposing, Distance and Entanglement (4)

In the framework, there are some functionalities to explore the quantum distance, entanglement monotones and partial tracing, as well as other useful features.

Trace out the second subsystem in a 2-qubit state:

In[33]:=

Out[33]=

A partial trace can also be applied to QuantumBasis:

In[34]:=

Out[34]=

Given a Werner state (two qubits, with probability p), take the partial transpose with respect to qubit-2:

In[35]:=

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Out[35]=

In[36]:=

Out[36]=

To know whether a state is entangled (or part of that state), use QuantumEntangledQ.

Test if W-state of 4-qubits is entangled or not:

In[37]:=

Out[38]=

In[39]:=

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Out[39]=

Test if qubit-1 and 3 are entangled or not:

In[40]:=

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Out[40]=

In quantum information, there exist notions of distance between quantum states, such as fidelity, trace distance, Bures angle, etc. One can use QuantumDistance to compute the distance between two quantum states with various metrics.

Measure the trace distance between a pure state and a mixed state:

In[41]:=

In[42]:=

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Out[42]=

Quantum Circuits (3)

One may create a list of QuantumOperator and/or QuantumMeasurementOperator objects to build a quantum circuit, which can be represented as a QuantumCircuitOperator object.

Construct a quantum circuit that includes a controlled Hadamard gate:

In[43]:=

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Out[44]=

The wire labels can be customized (for more info, please refer to Diagram documentation):

In[45]:=

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Out[45]=

Define a combination of control-0 and control-1 qubits:

In[46]:=

Out[47]=

There are many named circuits in the Wolfram quantum framework:

In[48]:=

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Out[48]=

quantum phase estimation, for QuantumOperator[{"Phase",2π/5}], in four steps (ie using 4-qubits):

In[49]:=

Out[49]=

Bernstein-Vazirani circuit, given a secret string:

In[50]:=

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Out[50]=

Graph circuit, given a graph:

In[51]:=

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Out[51]=

Grover search algorithm, given a Boolean function:

In[52]:=

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Out[52]=

Ising-type of interactions and their Trotter-Suzuki decomposition (4th order):

In[53]:=

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In[54]:=

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Out[54]=

Disclosures

Wolfram Language built-in symbols
Paclet dependencies
Learn More »

Compatibility

Wolfram Language Version 13.1

External Links

Wolfram Paclet Repository

Version History

License Information

MIT License

Paclet Source

Source Metadata

Source: https://github.com/sw1sh/QuantumFramework

Wolfram Language Paclet Repository