Wolfram Function Repository
Instant-use add-on functions for the Wolfram Language
Function Repository Resource:
Simulate a nondeterministic Turing machine evolution as a multiway system
ResourceFunction["MultiwayTuringMachine"][rules,init,n] generates the results of n steps in the evolution of the multiway (nondeterministic) Turing machine with the specified rules, starting from initial conditions init. | |
ResourceFunction["MultiwayTuringMachine"][rules,init,n,"prop"] gives the property “prop” for the specified multiway (nondeterministic) Turing machine evolution. | |
ResourceFunction["MultiwayTuringMachine"][rules→sel,init,n,…] uses the function sel to select which of the events obtained at each step to include in the evolution. |
"Sequential" | applies the first possible replacement (sequential substitution system) |
"Random" | applies a random replacement |
{"Random", n} | applies n randomly chosen replacements |
"AllStatesList" | the list of all states generated at each successive step (default) |
"StatesCountsList" | the number of distinct states generated at each successive step |
"AllStatesListUnmerged" | the list of all states without any merging |
"PredecessorRulesList" | the list of states and their corresponding predecessor states at each successive step |
"EvolutionGraph" | graph formed by the evolution process, with no merging between different time steps |
"EvolutionGraphStructure" | evolution graph without labeling |
"EvolutionGraphFull" | graph formed by the evolution process, including equivalent events |
"EvolutionGraphFullStructure" | full evolution graph without labeling |
"EvolutionGraphUnmerged" | graph formed by the evolution process, with no merging of equivalent states |
"EvolutionGraphUnmergedStructure" | unmerged evolution graph without labeling |
"EvolutionGraphWeighted" | graph formed by the evolution process, with edges weighted by event multiplicity |
"EvolutionGraphWeightedStructure" | weighted evolution graph without labeling |
"StatesGraph" | graph of how each distinct state leads to other states |
"StatesGraphStructure" | states graph without labeling |
"AllEventsList" | the list of all events that occur at each successive step |
"EvolutionEventsGraph" | graph showing the evolution process with updating events explicitly included |
"EvolutionEventsGraphStructure" | evolution events graph without labeling |
"CausalGraph" | graph of all causal relations between updating events |
"CausalGraphStructure" | causal graph without labeling |
"EvolutionCausalGraph" | combined graph of evolution process and causal relationships between events |
"EvolutionCausalGraphStructure" | evolution causal graph without labeling |
"CausalGraphInstances" | list of distinct causal graphs for all possible choices of event sequences |
"CausalGraphStructureInstances" | causal graph instances without labeling |
"EvolutionCausalGraphInstances" | list of distinct evolution causal graphs for all possible choices of event sequences |
"EvolutionCausalGraphStructureInstances" | evolution causal graph instances without labeling |
"BranchPairsList" | list of all branch pairs (i.e. critical pairs) generated in the states graph |
"NewBranchPairsList" | list of all new branch pairs generated at each successive step |
"EvolutionBranchPairsList" | list of all branch pairs generated in the evolution graph |
"NewEvolutionBranchPairsList" | list of all new evolution branch pairs generated at each successive step |
"BranchPairEventsList" | list of all events yielding branch pairs |
"NewBranchPairEventsList" | list of all events yielding new branch pairs at each successive step |
"EvolutionBranchPairEventsList" | list of all events yielding evolution branch pairs |
"NewEvolutionBranchPairEventsList" | list of all events yielding new evolution branch pairs at each successive step |
"BranchialGraph" | graph of branch pair ancestry at a given step |
"BranchialGraphStructure" | branchial graph without labeling |
"AllStatesBranchialGraph" | graph of branch pair ancestry across all steps |
"AllStatesBranchialGraphStructure" | all states branchial graph without labeling |
"EvolutionBranchialGraph" | graph of evolution branch pair ancestry at a given step |
"EvolutionBranchialGraphStructure" | evolution branchial graph without labeling |
"AllStatesEvolutionBranchialGraph" | graph of evolution branch pair ancestry across all steps |
"AllStatesEvolutionBranchialGraphStructure" | all states evolution branchial graph without labeling |
"EventBranchialGraph" | graph of branch pair event ancestry at a given step |
"EventBranchialGraphStructure" | event branchial graph without labeling |
"AllEventsBranchialGraph" | graph of branch pair event ancestry across all steps |
"AllEventsBranchialGraphStructure" | all events branchial graph without labeling |
"EvolutionEventBranchialGraph" | graph of evolution branch pair event ancestry at a given step |
"EvolutionEventBranchialGraphStructure" | evolution event branchial graph without labeling |
"AllEventsEvolutionBranchialGraph" | graph of evolution branch pair event ancestry across all steps |
"AllEventsEvolutionBranchialGraphStructure" | all events evolution branchial graph without labeling |
"BranchPairResolutionsList" | association of all resolved and unresolved branch pairs up to a given step |
"EvolutionBranchPairResolutionsList" | association of all resolved and unresolved evolution branch pairs up to a given step |
"CausalInvariantQ" | whether the system is causal invariant (all branch pairs converge) |
"EvolutionCausalInvariantQ" | whether the system is evolution causal invariant (all evolution branch pairs converge) |
"KnuthBendixCompletion" | list of Knuth–Bendix completion rules required to force causal invariance |
"EvolutionKnuthBendixCompletion" | list of Knuth–Bendix completion rules required to force evolution causal invariance |
"StateWeights" | list of weights for all vertices in the states graph |
"IncludeStepNumber" | False | whether to label states and events with their respective step numbers |
"IncludeStateID" | False | whether to label states and events with unique IDs |
"IncludeInitializationEvents" | False | whether to include pseudoevents that set up initial conditions |
"IncludeEventsInstances" | False | whether to show distinct updating events that connect the same states as separate edges |
"IncludeStateWeights" | False | whether to weight state vertices by their rate of occurrence at a particular time step |
"IncludeStatePathWeights" | False | whether to weight state vertices by the number of distinct evolution paths that lead to them |
"StateRenderingFunction" | Automatic | how to label states that appear in graphs |
"EventRenderingFunction" | Automatic | how to label events that appear in graphs |
MaxItems | Infinity | how many instances of a causal graph or evolution causal graph to return |
"GivePredecessors" | False | whether to label branch pairs with their predecessor state |
"GiveResolvents" | False | whether to label branch pairs with their resolvent state |
"IncludeSelfPairs" | False | whether to include trivial branch pairs |
"IncludeFullBranchialSpace" | False | whether to show all possible states in a given branchial graph |
"LineThickness" | 1 | absolute line thickness for graph edges |
Inherited | use the explicit vertex name as the label |
None | use no label for the vertex |
"string" | use a shape from the VertexShapeFunction collection |
func | apply the function func to the name of the vertex |
Show basic multiway Turing machine evolution (for 2-state, 2-color machines):
In[1]:= |
|
Out[1]= |
|
Use two rules:
In[2]:= |
|
Out[2]= |
|
Use three rules:
In[3]:= |
|
Out[3]= |
|
Generate a graph showing how each state is obtained from the others:
In[4]:= |
|
Out[4]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[5]:= |
|
Out[5]= |
|
Generate the list of all updating events applied at each step:
In[6]:= |
|
Out[6]= |
|
Generate a graph of the evolution history, with updating events included:
In[7]:= |
|
Out[7]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[8]:= |
|
Out[8]= |
|
Generate the causal graph, showing dependencies between updating events:
In[9]:= |
|
Out[9]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[10]:= |
|
Out[10]= |
|
Generate the evolution events graph, with causal connections included:
In[11]:= |
|
Out[11]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[12]:= |
|
Out[12]= |
|
Specify an event selection function that picks a random event at each step:
In[13]:= |
|
Out[13]= |
|
Generate causal graphs for all possible choices of event sequences:
In[14]:= |
|
Out[14]= |
|
Show the structures of the graphs, without labels:
In[15]:= |
|
Out[15]= |
|
Generate the list of all branch pairs (i.e. critical pairs):
In[16]:= |
|
Out[16]= |
|
Generate the association showing which branch pairs converged and which did not:
In[17]:= |
|
Out[17]= |
|
Prove that the system is not causal invariant:
In[18]:= |
|
Out[18]= |
|
Generate a graph showing branch pair ancestry:
In[19]:= |
|
Out[19]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[20]:= |
|
Out[20]= |
|
Generate a graph showing branch pair event ancestry:
In[21]:= |
|
Out[21]= |
|
Prevent identical states from being merged by including step numbers and state IDs:
In[22]:= |
|
Out[22]= |
|
In[23]:= |
|
Out[23]= |
|
Generate a graph of full evolution history, with all events included:
In[24]:= |
|
Out[24]= |
|
Generate a graph of full evolution history, with no merging of equivalent states:
In[25]:= |
|
Out[25]= |
|
Generate a graph of evolution history, with edges weighted by event multiplicity:
In[26]:= |
|
Out[26]= |
|
Generate a states graph with vertices weighted by their rate of occurrence on each time step:
In[27]:= |
|
Out[27]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[28]:= |
|
Out[28]= |
|
Generate a states graph with vertices weighted by the number of distinct evolution paths that lead to them:
In[29]:= |
|
Out[29]= |
|
Show the structure of the graph, without labels:
In[30]:= |
|
Out[30]= |
|
MultiwayTuringMachine accepts lists of Turing machine IDs:
In[31]:= |
|
Out[31]= |
|
Simulating 3-state 2-color machines:
In[32]:= |
|
Out[32]= |
|
MultiwayTuringMachine also accepts explicit lists of transitions:
In[33]:= |
|
Out[33]= |
|
MultiwayTuringMachine accepts both individual initial conditions and lists of initial conditions:
In[34]:= |
|
Out[34]= |
|
In[35]:= |
|
Out[35]= |
|
Apply only the first possible event at each step:
In[36]:= |
|
Out[36]= |
|
Apply the first and last possible events at each step:
In[37]:= |
|
Out[37]= |
|
By default, states are labeled by their contents:
In[38]:= |
|
Out[38]= |
|
Use no labeling for states:
In[39]:= |
|
Out[39]= |
|
"StatesGraphStructure" yields the same result:
In[40]:= |
|
Out[40]= |
|
Use raw state names as node labels:
In[41]:= |
|
Out[41]= |
|
Use a named shape as each state label:
In[42]:= |
|
Out[42]= |
|
By default, both states and events are labeled by their contents:
In[43]:= |
|
Out[43]= |
|
Use no labels for states or events:
In[44]:= |
|
Out[44]= |
|
"EvolutionEventsGraphStructure" yields an equivalent result:
In[45]:= |
|
Out[45]= |
|
Use raw event expressions as their labels:
In[46]:= |
|
Out[46]= |
|
By default, "AllEventsList" does not include initialization events:
In[47]:= |
|
Out[47]= |
|
The option "IncludeInitializationEvents" allows one to override this default:
In[48]:= |
|
Out[48]= |
|
Initialization events have special default rendering:
In[49]:= |
|
Out[49]= |
|
Place arrows in the middle of edges:
In[50]:= |
|
Out[50]= |
|
Generate an example of multiway Turing machine evolution:
In[51]:= |
|
Out[51]= |
|
Force the initial state node to be at the top:
In[52]:= |
|
Out[52]= |
|
By default, equivalent states are merged across all time steps:
In[53]:= |
|
Out[53]= |
|
In[54]:= |
|
Out[54]= |
|
Merging of equivalent states across different time steps can be prevented by including step numbers:
In[55]:= |
|
Out[55]= |
|
In[56]:= |
|
Out[56]= |
|
Merging of equivalent states at the same time step can be prevented by also including state IDs:
In[57]:= |
|
Out[57]= |
|
In[58]:= |
|
Out[58]= |
|
Step numbers and IDs also apply to events:
In[59]:= |
|
Out[59]= |
|
See the events:
In[60]:= |
|
Out[60]= |
|
By default, multiple instances of equivalent updating events are merged in the states graph:
In[61]:= |
|
Out[61]= |
|
Merging of equivalent events can be prevented by including event instances:
In[62]:= |
|
Out[62]= |
|
Vertices of a states graph can be weighted by their relative rate of occurrence at each time step:
In[63]:= |
|
Out[63]= |
|
Vertices can also be weighted by the number of distinct evolution paths that lead to them:
In[64]:= |
|
Out[64]= |
|
By default, "CausalGraphInstances" returns all possible causal graphs:
In[65]:= |
|
Out[65]= |
|
The number of causal graphs returned can be limited using MaxItems:
In[66]:= |
|
Out[66]= |
|
By default, "BranchPairsList" returns only a list of branch pairs:
In[67]:= |
|
Out[67]= |
|
Common predecessor states can be shown using "GivePredecessors":
In[68]:= |
|
Out[68]= |
|
Similarly, "BranchPairResolutionsList" by default lists only resolved and unresolved branch pairs:
In[69]:= |
|
Out[69]= |
|
Common resolvents of resolved branch pairs can be shown using "GiveResolvents":
In[70]:= |
|
Out[70]= |
|
Show both common predecessors and common resolvents, where appropriate:
In[71]:= |
|
Out[71]= |
|
By default, non-branch pair states are not shown as part of the branchial graph:
In[72]:= |
|
Out[72]= |
|
They can be shown using "IncludeFullBranchialSpace":
In[73]:= |
|
Out[73]= |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License