Wolfram Function Repository

Instant-use add-on functions for the Wolfram Language

Function Repository Resource:

 BinaryRunRandomnessTest

Source Notebook

Conduct a runs–based test on a sequence of zeros and ones

Contributed by: Emmy/Noah Blumenthal
noahb320@gmail.com
emmyb320@bu.edu

ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence]

conducts a runs–based randomness test on a sequence of zeros and ones and returns an associated p-value.

ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence,"properties"]

conducts a runs–based randomness test on a sequence of zeros and ones and returns an associated property.

Details and Options

Properties include:
"TestStatistic"returns the test statistic
"PValue"returns the p-value associated with the test
The test statistic is generated by counting the total number of runs of both zeros and ones.
The test works only for sequences of zeros and ones.
Results are generally invalid for sequence lengths short than 100.

Examples

Basic Examples (2) 

Generate a sequence of random integers and apply a runs-based test:

In[1]:=
sequence = RandomInteger[{0, 1}, 1000];

Visualize the sequence:

In[2]:=
ArrayPlot[Partition[sequence, 16]\[Transpose], Sequence[ ImageSize -> Large, ColorFunction -> "CandyColors"]]
Out[2]=
In[3]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence, "TestStatistic"]
Out[3]=
In[4]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence, "PValue"]
Out[4]=

Applications (2) 

Reject a non-random sequence:

In[5]:=
subsequence = RandomInteger[{0, 1}, 100];
In[6]:=
sequence = Flatten@Table[subsequence, 10];
In[7]:=
ArrayPlot[Partition[sequence, 16]\[Transpose], Sequence[ ImageSize -> Large, ColorFunction -> "CandyColors"]]
Out[7]=
In[8]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence, "TestStatistic"]
Out[8]=
In[9]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][sequence, "PValue"]
Out[9]=

Test the randomness of rule 30:

In[10]:=
rule30seq = CellularAutomaton[30, {{1}, 0}, {100000, 0}]\[Transpose][[1]];
In[11]:=
ArrayPlot[Partition[Take[rule30seq, 1000], 16]\[Transpose], Sequence[ ColorFunction -> "CandyColors", ImageSize -> Large]]
Out[11]=
In[12]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][rule30seq]
Out[12]=

Possible Issues (1) 

BinaryRunRandomnessTest requires sequences of length 100 or more:

In[13]:=
ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][RandomInteger[{0, 1}, 50]]

Neat Examples (1) 

Visualize the sampling distribution of the test statistic:

In[14]:=
samp = Table[ ResourceFunction["BinaryRunRandomnessTest"][ RandomInteger[{0, 1}, 1000], "TestStatistic"], 1000];
In[15]:=
Histogram[samp, Automatic, "PDF"]
Out[15]=
In[16]:=
estdist = FindDistribution[samp, TargetFunctions -> {NormalDistribution}]
Out[16]=
In[17]:=
Show[Histogram[samp, Automatic, "PDF"], Plot[PDF[estdist, x], {x, 0, 600}, PlotRange -> All]]
Out[17]=

Publisher

Emmy Blumenthal

Version History

  • 1.0.0 – 08 July 2019

Source Metadata

Related Resources

Author Notes

This test is entirely derived from the NIST publication.

License Information