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Water Hammer Pressure with Slow Closure

Water hammer (or, more generally, fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid (usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas) in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change). A water hammer commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. It is also called hydraulic shock.

The pressure difference is proportional to the inlet pressure plus the upstream pipe length times the flow velocity of fluid divided by the valve closing time.

Formula

QuantityVariable["Δ​P", "Pressure"] == QuantityVariable["P", "Pressure"] + (Quantity[10.080000000000002, ("PoundsForce"*"Seconds"^2)/"Feet"^4]*QuantityVariable["L", "Length"]*QuantityVariable["v", "Speed"])/QuantityVariable["t", "Time"]

symbol description physical quantity
Δ​P pressure difference "Pressure"
P inlet pressure "Pressure"
L upstream pipe length "Length"
t valve closing time "Time"
v flow velocity of fluid "Speed"

Forms

Examples

Get the resource:

In[1]:=
ResourceObject["Water Hammer Pressure with Slow Closure"]
Out[1]=

Get the formula:

In[2]:=
FormulaData[ResourceObject["Water Hammer Pressure with Slow Closure"]]
Out[2]=

Use some values:

In[3]:=
FormulaData[ ResourceObject[ "Water Hammer Pressure with Slow Closure"], {QuantityVariable[ "\[CapitalDelta]\[InvisibleSpace]P","Pressure"] -> Quantity[10000, "Pascals"]}]
Out[3]=

Source Metadata

  • Creator:
  • Contributor:
  • Date: 1883

Publisher Information