ThemeTableJSON

Tabulates in JSON themes found in text

Chat Example

The text in the chat cell is taken from the section "History" of the Wikipedia article "Pythagoreanism".

!ThemeTableJSON

Pythagoras was already well known in ancient times for his supposed mathematical achievement of the Pythagorean theorem.[2] Pythagoras had been credited with discovering that in a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. In ancient times Pythagoras was also noted for his discovery that music had mathematical foundations. Antique sources that credit Pythagoras as the philosopher who first discovered music intervals also credit him as the inventor of the monochord, a straight rod on which a string and a movable bridge could be used to demonstrate the relationship of musical intervals.[3]Much of the surviving sources on Pythagoras originated with Aristotle and the philosophers of the Peripatetic school, which founded historiographical academic traditions such as biography, doxography and the history of science. The surviving 5th century BC sources on Pythagoras and early Pythagoreanism are void of supernatural elements, while surviving 4th century BC sources on Pythagoras' teachings introduced legend and fable. Philosophers who discussed Pythagoreanism, such as Anaximander, Andron of Ephesus, Heraclides and Neanthes had access to historical written sources as well as the oral tradition about Pythagoreanism, which by the 4th century BC was in decline. Neopythagorean philosophers, who authored many of the surviving sources on Pythagoreanism, continued the tradition of legend and fantasy.[4]The earliest surviving ancient source on Pythagoras and his followers is a satire by Xenophanes, on the Pythagorean beliefs on the transmigration of souls.[5] Xenophanes wrote of Pythagoras that:Once they say that he was passing by when a puppy was being whipped,And he took pity and said:"Stop! Do not beat it! For it is the soul of a friendThat I recognised when I heard it giving tongue."[5]In a surviving fragment from Heraclitus, Pythagoras and his followers are described as follows:Pythagoras, the son of Mnesarchus, practised inquiry beyond all other men and selecting of these writings made for himself a wisdom or made a wisdom of his own: a polymathy, an imposture.[6]Two other surviving fragments of ancient sources on Pythagoras are by Ion of Chios and Empedocles. Both were born in the 490s, after Pythagoras' death. By that time, he was known as a sage and his fame had spread throughout Greece.[7] According to Ion, Pythagoras was:… distinguished for his manly virtue and modesty, even in death has a life which is pleasing to his soul, if Pythagoras the wise truly achieved knowledge and understanding beyond that of all men.[7]Empedocles described Pythagoras as "a man of surpassing knowledge, master especially of all kinds of wise works, who had acquired the upmost wealth of understanding."[8] In the 4th century BC the Sophist Alcidamas wrote that Pythagoras was widely honored by Italians.[9]Today scholars typically distinguish two periods of Pythagoreanism: early-Pythagoreanism, from the 6th until the 5th century BC, and late-Pythagoreanism, from the 4th until the 3rd century BC.[10] The Spartan colony of Taranto in Italy became the home for many practitioners of Pythagoreanism and later for Neopythagorean philosophers. Pythagoras had also lived in Crotone and Metaponto, both were Achaean colonies.[11] Early-Pythagorean sects lived in Croton and throughout Magna Graecia. They espoused to a rigorous life of the intellect and strict rules on diet, clothing and behavior. Their burial rites were tied to their belief in the immortality of the soul.[10]Early-Pythagorean sects were closed societies and new Pythagoreans were chosen based on merit and discipline. Ancient sources record that early-Pythagoreans underwent a five-year initiation period of listening to the teachings (akousmata) in silence. Initiates could through a test become members of the inner circle. However, Pythagoreans could also leave the community if they wished.[12] Iamblichus listed 235 Pythagoreans by name, among them 17 women whom he described as the "most famous" women practitioners of Pythagoreanism. It was customary that family members became Pythagoreans, as Pythagoreanism developed into a philosophic tradition that entailed rules for everyday life and Pythagoreans were bound by secrets. The home of Pythagoras was known as the site of mysteries.[13]Pythagoras had been born on the island of Samos at around 570 BC and left his homeland at around 530 BC in opposition to the policies of Polycrates. Before settling in Croton, Pythagoras had traveled throughout Egypt and Babylonia. In Croton, Pythagoras established the first Pythagorean community, described as a secret society, and attained political influence. In the early 5th century BC Croton acquired great military and economic importance. Pythagoras emphasised moderation, piety, respect for elders and of the state, and advocated a monogamous family structure. The Croton Council appointed him to official positions. Among others Pythagoras was in charge of education in the city. His influence as political reformer reputedly extended to other Greek colonies in southern Italy and in Sicily. Pythagoras died shortly after an arson attack on the Pythagorean meeting place in Croton.[14]The anti-Pythagorean attacks in c.508 BC were headed by Cylon of Croton.[14][15] Pythagoras escaped to Metapontium. After these initial attacks and the death of Pythagoras, Pythagorean communities in Croton and elsewhere continued to flourish. At around 450 BC attacks on Pythagorean communities were carried out across Magna Graecia. In Croton, a house where Pythagoreans gathered was set on fire and all but two of the Pythagorean philosophers burned alive. Pythagorean meeting places in other cities were also attacked and philosophic leaders killed. These attacks occurred in the context of widespread violence and destruction in Magna Graecia. Following the political instability in the region, some Pythagorean philosophers fled to mainland Greece while others regrouped in Rhegium. By about 400 BC the majority of Pythagorean philosophers had left Italy. Archytas remained in Italy and ancient sources record that he was visited there by young Plato in the early 4th century BC. The Pythagorean schools and societies died out from the 4th century BC. Pythagorean philosophers continued to practice, albeit no organised communities were established.[14]According to surviving sources by the Neopythagorean philosopher Nicomachus, Philolaus was the successor of Pythagoras.[16] According to Cicero (de Orat. III 34.139), Philolaus was teacher of Archytas.[17] According to the Neoplatonist philosopher Iamblichus, Archytas in turn became the head of the Pythagorean school about a century after the Pythagoras' death.[18] Philolaus, Eurytus and Xenophilus are identified by Aristoxenus as the teachers of the last generation of Pythagoreans.[17]Use short sentences in the table.

[ { "theme": "Pythagoras' Mathematical and Musical Discoveries", "content": "Pythagoras is credited with the Pythagorean theorem in mathematics and discovering mathematical foundations in music. He is also noted for inventing the monochord to demonstrate musical intervals." }, { "theme": "Historiography of Pythagoreanism", "content": "Sources on Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism come from Aristotle and the Peripatetic school. Early sources lack supernatural elements, but by the 4th century BC, sources included legends and fables. Neopythagorean philosophers continued these traditions." }, { "theme": "Ancient Satirical and Critical Views on Pythagoras", "content": "Xenophanes satirized Pythagorean beliefs on soul transmigration. Heraclitus described Pythagoras and his followers critically, highlighting their inquiry and selection of writings." }, { "theme": "Reputation and Descriptions by Contemporaries", "content": "Contemporaries like Ion of Chios and Empedocles praised Pythagoras posthumously for his virtue, wisdom, and surpassing knowledge. The Sophist Alcidamas noted Pythagoras' honor in Italy." }, { "theme": "Periods of Pythagoreanism", "content": "Scholars distinguish between early-Pythagoreanism (6th-5th century BC) and late-Pythagoreanism (4th-3rd century BC). Pythagorean communities were known for their intellectual rigor and lifestyle disciplines." }, { "theme": "Pythagorean Community Life and Initiation", "content": "Early-Pythagorean sects were closed communities with a five-year initiation of silence. Iamblichus listed notable Pythagoreans, including women. The community had strict rules for life and secrecy." }, { "theme": "Pythagoras' Life and Political Influence", "content": "Born in Samos, Pythagoras traveled through Egypt and Babylonia before settling in Croton, where he established a Pythagorean community and gained political influence. He advocated for moderation and a monogamous family structure." }, { "theme": "Attacks on Pythagoreanism", "content": "After Pythagoras' death, Pythagorean communities faced attacks, leading to the death of many members and the dispersal of philosophers. Political instability in Magna Graecia contributed to these attacks." }, { "theme": "Succession and Legacy of Pythagoreanism", "content": "Philolaus was considered Pythagoras' successor, with Archytas later becoming the head of the Pythagorean school. Despite the decline of organized communities, Pythagorean philosophy continued to be practiced." }]

Programmatic Access

Retrieve the prompt:
LLMPrompt["ThemeTableJSON"]

LLMResourceFunction["ThemeTableJSON"][txt]

tabulates in JSON themes found in the text txt.

LLMResourceFunction["ThemeTableJSON"][txt,type]

specifies type as the content type of the input.

LLMResourceFunction["ThemeTableJSON"][txt,type,n]

specifies that the content descriptions are no more than n words.

Details

The default value of the second, text type argument is "text".

The defult value of the third argument -- number of words per theme content description -- is 100.

Since many LLMs return JSON code within Markdown code markings the interpreter of this LLM function is "String".

That allows to get results which are almost valid JSON codes.

Examples

Here we tabulate UN Human Rights document:

In[1]:=

tblHR=LLMResourceFunction["ThemeTableJSON"][ExampleData[{"Text","UNHumanRightsEnglish"}]]

Out[1]=

```json[ { "theme": "Preamble", "content": "The preamble highlights the importance of human dignity, equality, and the inalienable rights of all individuals as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace. It emphasizes the consequences of disregarding human rights and the necessity of protecting these rights by the rule of law to prevent tyranny and oppression. It also mentions the commitment of United Nations members to promote human rights and the importance of a common understanding of these rights for their full realization." }, { "theme": "General Principles", "content": "Articles 1 to 2 establish the general principles of the Declaration, affirming that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, endowed with reason and conscience, and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Everyone is entitled to the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration without discrimination of any kind." }, { "theme": "Personal Rights and Freedoms", "content": "Articles 3 to 5 outline fundamental personal rights and freedoms, including the right to life, liberty, and security of person; the prohibition of slavery and servitude; and the prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment." }, { "theme": "Legal Rights and Equality", "content": "Articles 6 to 11 focus on legal rights and equality before the law, including the right to recognition as a person before the law, equal protection of the law without discrimination, and the rights related to justice, such as a fair trial and the presumption of innocence." }, { "theme": "Privacy, Movement, and Asylum", "content": "Articles 12 to 14 protect the rights to privacy, freedom of movement and residence, and the right to seek asylum from persecution in other countries, emphasizing the importance of these freedoms for individual dignity and personal development." }, { "theme": "Nationality and Family Rights", "content": "Articles 15 to 17 address the rights related to nationality, marriage, and family, and property ownership. These include the right to a nationality, the right to marry and found a family with equal rights, and the right to own property." }, { "theme": "Thought, Expression, Assembly, and Association", "content": "Articles 18 to 20 cover freedoms related to thought, conscience, religion, opinion, expression, peaceful assembly, and association, highlighting the importance of these freedoms for the expression of individuality and participation in society." }, { "theme": "Participation in Government and Social Security", "content": "Articles 21 to 22 discuss the right to participate in government, access public service, and the right to social security, emphasizing the role of democratic participation and social security in ensuring dignity and free development of personality." }, { "theme": "Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights", "content": "Articles 23 to 27 outline economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to work, rest and leisure, an adequate standard of living, education, and participation in cultural life, as well as the rights related to the benefits of scientific advancement." }, { "theme": "Duties to the Community and Limitations on Rights", "content": "Article 29 addresses the duties to the community and the limitations on the exercise of rights and freedoms, stating that everyone has duties to the community and that the exercise of rights and freedoms may be limited by law for the purpose of securing respect for the rights and freedoms of others and meeting the requirements of morality, public order, and general welfare." }, { "theme": "Prohibition of Rights and Freedoms Destruction", "content": "Article 30 clarifies that nothing in the Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group, or person any right to engage in activities or perform acts aimed at the destruction of the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, safeguarding the integrity of the rights and freedoms against abuse." }]```

Here we use the second argument to specify that the text is a theatrical play and the content descriptions are no more than 20 words:

In[2]:=

tblHamlet=LLMResourceFunction["ThemeTableJSON"][ExampleData[{"Text","Hamlet"}],"theatrical play",20]

Out[2]=

```json[ { "theme": "Introduction and Ghost's Appearance", "content": "The ghost of King Hamlet appears, urging Prince Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, Claudius." }, { "theme": "Hamlet's Madness", "content": "Hamlet feigns madness to investigate his father's murder and contemplates life, death, and the nature of reality." }, { "theme": "The Play Within a Play", "content": "Hamlet stages a play reenacting his father's murder to gauge King Claudius's guilt through his reaction." }, { "theme": "Ophelia's Descent into Madness", "content": "Affected by her father Polonius's death and Hamlet's rejection, Ophelia descends into madness and eventually drowns." }, { "theme": "The Closet Scene", "content": "Hamlet confronts his mother about her involvement in his father's murder, accidentally killing Polonius in the proces