Wolfram Neural Net Repository

Immediate Computable Access to Neural Net Models

VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data

Identify the main object in an image

This model is also available through the built-in function ImageRestyle

Released in 2014 by the Visual Geometry Group at the University of Oxford, this family of architectures achieved second place for the 2014 ImageNet Classification competition. It is noteworthy for its extremely simple structure, being a simple linear chain of layers, with all the convolutional layers having a kernel size of 3x3. Despite this simple structure, it achieves competitive classification accuracy compared to more complicated nets (such as GoogLeNet), although at the cost of slower evaluation speed and much larger net size.

Number of layers: 40 | Parameter count: 138,357,544 | Trained size: 554 MB |

Training Set Information

Performance

Examples

Resource retrieval

Get the pre-trained net:

In[1]:=
NetModel["VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"]
Out[1]=

Basic usage

Classify an image:

In[2]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/5a427e29-99f5-45ff-801d-4e21d41fbb19"]
Out[2]=

The prediction is an Entity object, which can be queried:

In[3]:=
pred["Definition"]
Out[3]=

Get a list of available properties of the predicted Entity:

In[4]:=
pred["Properties"]
Out[4]=

Obtain the probabilities of the ten most likely entities predicted by the net:

In[5]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/9a759d9d-cd6f-4cbe-b9ac-30c6d269908b"]
Out[5]=

An object outside the list of the ImageNet classes will be misidentified:

In[6]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/9048681b-f5f9-4801-b4f7-973a73e0692c"]
Out[6]=

Obtain the list of names of all available classes:

In[7]:=
EntityValue[ NetExtract[NetModel["VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "Output"][["Labels"]], "Name"]
Out[7]=

Feature extraction

Remove the last three layers of the trained net so that the net produces a vector representation of an image:

In[8]:=
extractor = Take[NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], {1, -4}]
Out[8]=

Get a set of images:

In[9]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/6d2cbf46-519b-4b8a-93be-03174b3ad0f4"]

Visualize the features of a set of images:

In[10]:=
FeatureSpacePlot[imgs, FeatureExtractor -> extractor, LabelingSize -> 100, ImageSize -> 800]
Out[10]=

Visualize convolutional weights

Extract the weights of the first convolutional layer in the trained net:

In[11]:=
weights = NetExtract[ NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], {"conv1_1", "Weights"}];

Visualize the weights as a list of 64 images of size 3x3:

In[12]:=
ImageAdjust[Image[#, Interleaving -> False]] & /@ Normal[weights]
Out[12]=

Transfer learning

Use the pre-trained model to build a classifier for telling apart images of dogs and cats. Create a test set and a training set:

In[13]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/f88e65df-64d4-4daf-84b8-b893aec055f7"]
In[14]:=
(* Evaluate this cell to get the example input *) CloudGet["https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/8d56159d-ca89-4ad7-bca4-1775589dee18"]

Remove the linear layer from the pre-trained net:

In[15]:=
tempNet = Take[NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], {1, -4}]
Out[15]=

Create a new net composed of the pre-trained net followed by a linear layer and a softmax layer:

In[16]:=
newNet = NetChain[<|"pretrainedNet" -> tempNet, "linearNew" -> LinearLayer[], "softmax" -> SoftmaxLayer[]|>, "Output" -> NetDecoder[{"Class", {"cat", "dog"}}]]
Out[16]=

Train on the dataset, freezing all the weights except for those in the "linearNew" layer (use TargetDevice -> "GPU" for training on a GPU):

In[17]:=
trainedNet = NetTrain[newNet, trainSet, LearningRateMultipliers -> {"linearNew" -> 1, _ -> 0}]
Out[17]=

Perfect accuracy is obtained on the test set:

In[18]:=
ClassifierMeasurements[trainedNet, testSet, "Accuracy"]
Out[18]=

Net information

Inspect the number of parameters of all arrays in the net:

In[19]:=
NetInformation[ NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "ArraysElementCounts"]
Out[19]=

Obtain the total number of parameters:

In[20]:=
NetInformation[ NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "ArraysTotalElementCount"]
Out[20]=

Obtain the layer type counts:

In[21]:=
NetInformation[ NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "LayerTypeCounts"]
Out[21]=

Display the summary graphic:

In[22]:=
NetInformation[ NetModel[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "SummaryGraphic"]
Out[22]=

Export to MXNet

Export the net into a format that can be opened in MXNet:

In[23]:=
jsonPath = Export[FileNameJoin[{$TemporaryDirectory, "net.json"}], NetModel["VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"], "MXNet"]
Out[23]=

Export also creates a net.params file containing parameters:

In[24]:=
paramPath = FileNameJoin[{DirectoryName[jsonPath], "net.params"}]
Out[24]=

Get the size of the parameter file:

In[25]:=
FileByteCount[paramPath]
Out[25]=

The size is similar to the byte count of the resource object:

In[26]:=
ResourceObject[ "VGG-16 Trained on ImageNet Competition Data"]["ByteCount"]
Out[26]=

Represent the MXNet net as a graph:

In[27]:=
Import[jsonPath, {"MXNet", "NodeGraphPlot"}]
Out[27]=

Requirements

Wolfram Language 11.1 (March 2017) or above

Resource History

  • Date Created: 23 February 2017
  • Latest Update: 21 June 2018

Reference