Model the Composition of the Universe over Time

Explore changes in the composition of the universe according to the standard ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) model

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Use

to compute the values of the density ratios of dark energy, matter and radiation at different ages of the universe, ranging from 1000 years to

years:

In[1]:=

ages=Quantity[10^Range[3,11,0.2],"Years"];

In[2]:=

darkenergy=Table[UniverseModelData[t,"DarkEnergyDensityRatio"],{t,ages}];matter=Table[UniverseModelData[t,"MatterEnergyDensityRatio"],{t,ages}];radiation=Table[UniverseModelData[t,"RadiationEnergyDensityRatio"],{t,ages}];

Represent the evolution in time for the three components, denoting the current age of the universe with a red vertical bar. Currently the largest component is dark energy:

In[3]:=

data={Transpose[{ages,darkenergy}],Transpose[{ages,darkenergy+matter}],Transpose[{ages,darkenergy+matter+radiation}]};ListLogLinearPlotdata,



Out[3]=

	DarkEnergyDensity
	MatterEnergyDensity
	RadiationEnergyDensity

Discover when the background radiation temperature would have been between 273 and 373 K (the "Habitable Epoch" of the universe):

In[4]:=

period=t/.FindRoot[Quantity[#,"Kelvins"]UniverseModelData[t,"RadiationTemperature"],{t,Quantity[1,"Megayears"]},EvaluatedFalse]&/@{273,373}

Out[4]=



13.4848

Myr

8.02319

Myr



Find the temperature in the middle of the period and display the results together in a grid:

In[5]:=

Grid[{#,UniverseModelData[#,"RadiationTemperature"]}&/@Through[{Min,Mean,Max}[period]],DividersAll]

Out[5]=

8.02319 Myr	373. K
10.754 Myr	312.999 K
13.4848 Myr	273. K

Related Symbols

UniverseModelData
Quantity
FindRoot
ListLogLinearPlot

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Contributed by: Wolfram Staff